Anadolu’nun i\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn \u00f6nderli\u011finde, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin (TBMM) 29 Ekim 1923’te Cumhuriyet’i ilan etmesinin \u00fczerinden 103 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n
Milli M\u00fccadele’nin zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk milletinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini yeni bir devletin kurulu\u015fuyla ta\u00e7land\u0131ran Cumhuriyet’e giden yolda, 28 Ekim 1923 gecesi tarihin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri oldu.<\/p>\n
Ankara \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc’nde bir ak\u015fam yeme\u011finde dile getirilen ve T\u00fcrkiye’nin gelece\u011fini \u015fekillendiren bu karar, ertesi g\u00fcn TBMM\u2019de kabul edilerek yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imini resmen belirledi.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet’e uzanan yol, Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’a \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131yla ba\u015flayan Milli M\u00fccadele y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u015fekillendi.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, Erzurum Kongresi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Mazhar M\u00fcfit Kansu’ya zaferin ard\u0131ndan kurulacak h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u015feklinin Cumhuriyet olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etti. Ancak bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini, d\u00f6nemin \u015fartlar\u0131 nedeniyle bir s\u00fcre a\u00e7\u0131klamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
23 Nisan 1920’de TBMM’nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla millet egemenli\u011fine dayanan yeni y\u00f6netimin temelleri at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
24 Temmuz 1923’te Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye’nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 alanda tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, 13 Ekim’de Ankara’n\u0131n ba\u015fkent ilan edilmesi yeni devletin siyasi ve idari yap\u0131lanmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131m oldu.<\/p>\n
Ancak sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131nda kazan\u0131lan zaferlerin ard\u0131ndan kurulan yeni devletin y\u00f6netim \u015feklinin a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenmesi ve devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmas\u0131 gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n
27 Ekim 1923’te \u0130cra Vekilleri Heyeti’nin istifas\u0131 ve yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulamamas\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan siyasi bunal\u0131m, devlet y\u00f6netiminde yeni bir d\u00fczenlemeyi g\u00fcndeme getirdi.<\/p>\n
– \u00c7ankaya’da tarihe ge\u00e7en ak\u015fam<\/p>\n
Takvimler 28 Ekim 1923’\u00fc g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde Ankara, T\u00fcrk siyasi tarihinin en \u00f6nemli kararlar\u0131ndan birine tan\u0131kl\u0131k etmeye haz\u0131rlan\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, o ak\u015fam yak\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc’nde yeme\u011fe davet etti.<\/p>\n
Latife Han\u0131m’\u0131n haz\u0131rlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sofrada \u0130smet Pa\u015fa, Kaz\u0131m Pa\u015fa, Fethi Bey, Kemalettin Sami Pa\u015fa, Halit Pa\u015fa, Fuat Bey ve Ru\u015fen E\u015fref Bey’in de aralar\u0131nda bulundu\u011fu isimler bir araya geldi.<\/p>\n
Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, uzun s\u00fcredir zihninde \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131 karar\u0131n\u0131 o ak\u015fam arkada\u015flar\u0131yla payla\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, y\u0131llar sonra Nutuk’ta o tarihi ak\u015fam\u0131 \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n
“Gece olmu\u015ftu… \u00c7ankaya’ya gitmek \u00fczere Meclis binas\u0131ndan ayr\u0131l\u0131rken, koridorlarda beni beklemekte olan Kemalettin Sami ve Halit Pa\u015fa’lara rastlad\u0131m. Ali Fuat Pa\u015fa, Ankara’dan hareket ederken bunlar\u0131n Ankara’ya geldiklerini o g\u00fcnk\u00fc gazetede ‘Bir U\u011furlama ve Bir Kar\u015f\u0131lama’ ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda okumu\u015ftum. Daha kendileriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmemi\u015ftim. Benimle konu\u015fmak \u00fczere ge\u00e7 vakte kadar orada beklediklerini anlay\u0131nca, ak\u015fam yeme\u011fine gelmelerini, Milli Savunma Bakan\u0131 Kaz\u0131m Pa\u015fa vas\u0131tas\u0131yla kendilerine bildirdim.<\/p>\n
\u0130smet Pa\u015fa ile Kaz\u0131m Pa\u015fa’ya ve Fethi Bey’e de \u00c7ankaya’ya benimle birlikte gelmelerini s\u00f6yledim. \u00c7ankaya’ya gitti\u011fim zaman, orada, beni g\u00f6rmek \u00fczere gelmi\u015f bulunan Rize Milletvekili Fuat, Afyonkarahisar Milletvekili Ru\u015fen E\u015fref Bey’lerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131m. Onlar\u0131 da yeme\u011fe al\u0131koydum. Yemek s\u0131ras\u0131nda ‘Yar\u0131n Cumhuriyet ilan edece\u011fiz’ dedim. Orada bulunan arkada\u015flar, derhal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceme kat\u0131ld\u0131lar. Yeme\u011fi b\u0131rakt\u0131k. O dakikadan itibaren, nas\u0131l hareket edilece\u011fi konusunda k\u0131sa bir program belirledim ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirdim.”<\/p>\n
Yeme\u011fin ard\u0131ndan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, \u0130smet Pa\u015fa ile birlikte 1921 Anayasas\u0131’n\u0131n baz\u0131 maddelerini de\u011fi\u015ftiren kanun teklifini haz\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc’nde a\u00e7\u0131klanan karar, ertesi g\u00fcn Meclis’in \u00f6n\u00fcne gelecek anayasal d\u00fczenlemeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n
– Cumhuriyet saat 20.30’da ilan edildi<\/p>\n
29 Ekim 1923 Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc TBMM, T\u00fcrk milletinin gelece\u011finde yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7acak tarihi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere sahne oldu.<\/p>\n
Anadolu Ajans\u0131n\u0131n ar\u015fivinde yer alan d\u00f6nemin Frans\u0131zca b\u00fcltenlerine g\u00f6re, Meclis saat 18.00’de topland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Anayasa Komisyonunca haz\u0131rlanan ve Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren teklif, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmek \u00fczere Meclis g\u00fcndemine al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda s\u00f6z alan Yunus Nadi Bey, Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fine ili\u015fkin de\u011ferlendirmelerde bulunurken, di\u011fer milletvekilleri de yeni y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin ard\u0131ndan 1921 Anayasas\u0131’nda de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe gidilerek “T\u00fcrkiye Devleti’nin \u015fekli h\u00fck\u00fcmeti Cumhuriyet’tir.” h\u00fckm\u00fc kabul edildi.<\/p>\n
Saatler 20.30’u g\u00f6sterdi\u011finde, oturuma kat\u0131lan 158 milletvekilinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n oyuyla Cumhuriyet ilan edildi.<\/p>\n
Mecliste al\u0131nan tarihi karar, “Ya\u015fas\u0131n Cumhuriyet” sesleri ve alk\u0131\u015flarla kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylece 23 Nisan 1920’de TBMM’nin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131yla temelleri at\u0131lan milli egemenlik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131, devletin y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7iminde de a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k buldu.<\/p>\n
– “T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti mesut, muvaffak ve muzaffer olacakt\u0131r”<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 se\u00e7imine ge\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131lan gizli oylamada 158 milletvekilinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n oyunu alan Gazi Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 unvan\u0131yla ilk kez Meclis k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kan Atat\u00fcrk, T\u00fcrk milletinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dikkati \u00e7ekerek, yeni devletin gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin inanc\u0131n\u0131 dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
Atat\u00fcrk, tarihi konu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 “T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti mesut, muvaffak ve muzaffer olacakt\u0131r.” s\u00f6zleriyle tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131yla devlet ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 meselesi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulurken, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kurulu\u015f \u015fekli de yeniden d\u00fczenlendi. \u0130lk h\u00fck\u00fcmeti kurmakla \u0130smet Pa\u015fa g\u00f6revlendirildi, Fethi Bey ise TBMM Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131, 29 Ekim gecesi ve ertesi g\u00fcn vatanda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan kutland\u0131. 26 Ekim 1924’te yay\u0131mlanan kararname ile Cumhuriyet’in ilan\u0131n\u0131n, 101 pare top at\u0131\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlenecek etkinliklerle kutlanmas\u0131na karar verildi.<\/p>\n
19 Nisan 1925’te kabul edilen kanun teklifiyle yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk \u00f6nderli\u011finde y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7a\u011fda\u015fla\u015fma ve demokrasiye \u00e7evirmesiyle 29 Ekim, 1925 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana “milli bayram” olarak kutlanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc’nde 28 Ekim 1923 ak\u015fam\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen “Yar\u0131n Cumhuriyet ilan edece\u011fiz” s\u00f6z\u00fc, 103 y\u0131l sonra da Cumhuriyet’in kurulu\u015funa uzanan tarihi s\u00fcrecin simge ifadelerinden biri olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Anadolu’nun i\u015fgalden kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Gazi Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk’\u00fcn \u00f6nderli\u011finde, T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin (TBMM) 29 Ekim 1923’te Cumhuriyet’i ilan etmesinin \u00fczerinden 103 y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. Milli M\u00fccadele’nin zaferle sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan T\u00fcrk milletinin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini yeni bir devletin kurulu\u015fuyla ta\u00e7land\u0131ran Cumhuriyet’e giden yolda, 28 Ekim 1923 gecesi tarihin d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri oldu. Ankara \u00c7ankaya K\u00f6\u015fk\u00fc’nde bir ak\u015fam …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":162604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[8813,1942,6,3007],"class_list":["post-162603","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-turkiye","tag-8813","tag-cumhuriyeti","tag-turkiye","tag-yasinda"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162603"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=162603"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/162603\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/162604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=162603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=162603"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kibrishost.com\/tak\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=162603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}